Editing and Representation

1) What is meant by transition of image and sound?
The transition of image and sound share the same function of helping one scene flow into another however they both operate in different ways. There are many different ways of carrying out image transition, perhaps fading a scene to black and then having the next scene fade from black. Sound transition is usually done by removing all sound from a scene for example inserting background music and then fading in the sound from the next scene as it appears.

2) Explain in your own words, why editing is so important.

The editing adjusts or includes crucial elements of a film or television show. The cut or shot of a film is very important and often very difficult to get right. Editing allows for the viewer to see things from different angles (titled shot, pan shot, dolly shot etc) and perspectives (personal point of view). Different angles, shots and perspectives are used to emphasise the atmosphere of the scenes depending on what is happening at the point of the film for example a point  of view shot used in the film Rocky when he is fighting to give the viewer a better understanding of how physically exhausted the character is. In Jaws, when everyone is on the beach and the shark attacks a young boy, a dolly shot is used to zoom in on the central character's face as he realises what is happening and watches in horror. Without the use of these different angles and shots, the film would be dull and without depth. Colour editing is important for balancing any contrast between two shots or even used for simple things like lightening or darkening a frame to suit what is happening in the scene. Sound, music and audio editing is essential for keeping the audience's interest and attention. Sometimes sounds such as a person's footsteps might be too quiet on camera without sound editing to be heard. Car horns, loud explosions, crash noises, animal calls are usually edited in to suit what is going on in the scene and if done right it can dramatically improve the film. Without the use of transitions and editing there would be no visual flow for the viewer and the film would be very boring and uninteresting.

3)Find definition, examples and include brief analysis of the following types of cuts -

Shot/reverse shot

A shot is a combination of frames that run for an uninterrupted period of time. Shots, angles, transitions and cuts are essential in film as they are used to express further emotion, ideas and movements.

Eyeline match

An eyeline match is used for continuity purposes and allows the audience to see what the audience is seeing.

Graphic match

A graphic match is two or more shots linked together by similar visual means. It is useful in relating two disconnected scenes together. A connection is drawn between two shots by using a transition or using similar elements from the first shot, in the second shot for example similar colours or shades, shapes, shots etc.

Action match

Action match is a technique used to connect two shots together in which a character finishes an action in the second shot that began in the first shot.

Jump cut

A jump cut is a sharp and quick transition from one scene to another. The cut between one scene and the other is not smooth and flowing it is abrupt and jarred.

Crosscutting

This is the process of alternating one scene or sequence with another when editing a film.

Parallel editing

This is used to alternate two or more scenes that often happen at the same time but at different locations.

Cutaway

A cutaway shot in a film which has a different central subject from the shots it is connected to in editing.

Insert

An insert is a shot of part of a scene that has been filmed from a different angle or length from the main shots.

Dissolve

A dissolve is a gradual transition from one scene, shot or image to another. This transitions is smooth and slow as the two scenes flow together

Cut

This shot shows some detail of the subject for example physical detail, detail in movements or emotional details.

Fade-in, Fade-out

Fade-in cut is when an image gradually appears or the volume of a scene gets slowly louder. A fade-out shot has the opposite function, the image disappears slowly and the volume gradually decreases to zero.

Wipe

A wipe is a type of film transition where on shot replaces another by entering from the side in a unique way.

Superimposition

In graphics, a superimposition is the placing of another image or video on top of an already existing image or video

Long take, short take

A long take lasts longer than any normal take in a film.

Slow motion

This is the presentation of a film or replaying a clip at a slower pace than it was originally recorded.

Ellipsis & expansion of time

Expansion of time is the process in which the duration of the video is extended to last longer than the real time.

Post production

Post production is the term used for all stages of production after shooting and filming is done. This includes the editing of different scenes, shots and angles and is used in film, television, radio, advertising, audio recordings and photography.

Visual effects
Visual effects are used to create new images or improve old images outside of a live shot